{"id":10361,"date":"2020-01-16T17:03:08","date_gmt":"2020-01-16T17:03:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ahmadiyya-islam.org\/al\/?post_type=faqs&p=10361"},"modified":"2020-01-17T13:31:31","modified_gmt":"2020-01-17T13:31:31","slug":"a-ka-evoluar-feja-nga-politeizmi-ne-monoteizem","status":"publish","type":"faqs","link":"https:\/\/www.ahmadiyya-islam.org\/al\/pyetje\/a-ka-evoluar-feja-nga-politeizmi-ne-monoteizem\/","title":{"rendered":"A ka evoluar feja nga politeizmi n\u00eb monoteiz\u00ebm?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Koh\u00ebt e fundit ka dal\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr<\/a> dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i popullarizuar n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb ateiste, i titulluar<\/p>\n

\u201cWhy There is No God: Simple Responses to 20 Common Arguments for the Existence of God\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

(‘Pse nuk ka Zot: P\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb thjeshta p\u00ebr 20 argumente t\u00eb zakonshme p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e Zotit’<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Ky artikull do t\u00eb analizoj\u00eb argumentin q\u00eb thot\u00eb se feja u zhvillua me kalimin e koh\u00ebs nga politeizmi n\u00eb monoteiz\u00ebm, gj\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb spikatur t\u00eb kapitullit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb librit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Argumenti i librit<\/h2>\n

Kapitulli fillon duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se feja fillimisht u krijua nga njeriu primitiv p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpjeguar fenomenet natyrore, megjithat\u00eb, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, pasi njohurit\u00eb e tij p\u00ebr shkenc\u00ebn u zhvilluan, ai u gjend gradualisht n\u00eb situat\u00ebn ku nuk kishte m\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t’i shpjegonte k\u00ebto fenomene me per\u00ebndi t\u00eb krijuara. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, k\u00ebta zota ishin nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb \u201cnuk e dim\u00eb\u201d. Per\u00ebndit\u00eb e shumta u mor\u00ebn m\u00eb pas n\u00eb nj\u00eb Zot, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb disa njer\u00ebz zgjodh\u00ebn t\u00eb rrin\u00eb me alternativ\u00ebn e par\u00eb. Sipas librit, k\u00ebta njer\u00ebz fatkeq\u00ebsisht tani do t\u00eb adhuronin qenie imagjinare.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrg\u00ebnjeshtrimi<\/h2>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb argument dallohen tri pjes\u00eb:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit shpik\u00ebn per\u00ebndi t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar paditurin\u00eb e tyre dhe adhuruan at\u00eb nga e cila ata kishin frik\u00eb,<\/li>\n
  2. q\u00eb per\u00ebndi t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebrfunduan n\u00eb besimin e nj\u00eb Zoti, dhe k\u00ebshtu monoteizmi u zhvillua nga politeizmi,<\/li>\n
  3. dhe q\u00eb besimi n\u00eb Zot nuk ka asnj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb provuar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Le t\u2019i trajtojm\u00eb t\u00eb tria pjes\u00ebt me radh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    A e adhurojm\u00eb frik\u00ebn ton\u00eb?<\/h2>\n

    \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teori e vog\u00ebl, e bukur n\u00eb fillim: njer\u00ebzve analfabet\u00eb n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb, q\u00eb nuk mund ta kuptonin se pse fshati i tyre po goditej nga shiu a tornadot, u duhej t\u00eb nxirnin nj\u00eb shpjegim t\u00eb arsyesh\u00ebm. K\u00ebshtu ata shpik\u00ebn per\u00ebndi t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb dije. Grupe burrash dinak\u00eb k\u00ebto ide t\u00eb ngat\u00ebrruara i shnd\u00ebrruan n\u00eb fe, duke paraqitur veten si klerik\u00eb dhe duke k\u00ebrkuar ep\u00ebrsi n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb e tyre bestyt\u00ebnore. Kjo ide daton deri n\u00eb antikitet, dhe p\u00ebrmendet n\u00eb veprat e Lucretius, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonte n\u00eb mendimin modern evropian p\u00ebrmes Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Radikal\u00ebt Francez\u00eb t\u00eb Iluminizmit dhe tani trumbetohet nga ateist\u00ebt e sot\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

    S\u00eb pari, dhe m\u00eb e thjeshta, vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet se teori e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm spekulative, me shum\u00eb pak prova. Ata paraqesin nj\u00eb argument se tanim\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb prova arkeologjike (si\u00e7 jan\u00eb pikturat e shpellave) q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin k\u00ebt\u00eb teori. Por kjo si prov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e dob\u00ebt. Mendimi njer\u00ebzor n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e hershme t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse plot\u00ebsisht i paregjistruar dhe i paqart\u00eb, dhe si i till\u00eb mbetet nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash jo t\u00eb besueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb p\u00ebrfundime.<\/p>\n

    Gjithashtu, ekziston nj\u00eb hendek i madh kohor midis njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm, t\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra e mij\u00ebra vjetve t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, dhe fes\u00eb s\u00eb konsoliduar t\u00eb disamij\u00ebviteve t\u00eb fundit. Prandaj, “argumente” t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb projektuar tek mendjet e t\u00eb par\u00ebve t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm besimet dhe d\u00ebshirat e filozof\u00ebve ateist\u00eb. Teoria presupozon se nuk ka Zot, kurse ky \u201cargument\u201d nuk ka asnj\u00eb material p\u00ebr ta provuar at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Ne duhet t\u2019i analizojm\u00eb pak themelet e k\u00ebsaj teorie. Pyetja e par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb: a e adhurojm\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb nuk e kuptojm\u00eb? A e kuptojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e sot\u00ebm materien e err\u00ebt? Aspak. Megjithat\u00eb, nuk shohim njer\u00ebzit analfabet\u00eb n\u00eb shkenc\u00eb duke k\u00ebrkuar m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr ta adhuruar at\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    A e adhurojm\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb kemi frik\u00eb? Kjo do t\u00eb ishte befasuese. Ebola dhe SIDA nuk ka t\u00ebrhequr dot shum\u00eb adhurues. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e qart\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit nuk e adhurojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb nuk e kuptojn\u00eb ose at\u00eb q\u00eb i frik\u00ebsohen. At\u00ebher\u00eb, pse duhet t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb q\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimet antike e b\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb?<\/p>\n

    Ndoshta mund t\u00eb argumentohet se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb sepse ne tani mb\u00ebshtetemi n\u00eb metod\u00ebn shkencore; por kjo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb historikisht naive. Vet\u00eb metoda shkencore u rafinua n\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimin musliman dhe m\u00eb pas gjat\u00eb Rilindjes Kristiane. K\u00ebto ishin kontekste thell\u00ebsisht teiste.<\/p>\n

    \"Jeruzalemi\"

    Jeruzalemi p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb pasuri t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb historis\u00eb fetare, t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr shum\u00eb nga fet\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p><\/div>\n

    Shum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb epok\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shekujve, kan\u00eb besuar n\u00eb Zot. Sidoqoft\u00eb, besimi i tyre nuk e mashtron gjykimin e tyre shkencor. Bukuria, kompleksiteti dhe projekti mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebs i natyr\u00ebs i \u00e7oi ata n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se ishte vep\u00ebr e nj\u00eb Qenieje Supreme. Realisht, mendimi i till\u00eb nuk e ndrydh zhvillimin shkencor, p\u00ebrkundrazi, e nxit at\u00eb. Organizimi n\u00eb natyr\u00eb i shtyn shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb q\u00ebllimet q\u00eb fshihen pas \u00e7do aspekti t\u00eb saj, duke pasur parasysh q\u00eb at\u00eb e krijoi nj\u00eb Qenie e Nd\u00ebrgjegjshme dhe Inteligjente.<\/p>\n

    Nga monoteizmi drejt politeizmit<\/h2>\n

    Ajo q\u00eb Kurani propozon \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e kund\u00ebrta e asaj q\u00eb thot\u00eb argumenti n\u00eb fjal\u00eb i ateist\u00ebve, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se t\u00eb gjitha fet\u00eb filluan me nj\u00eb Profet q\u00eb vendosi besimin n\u00eb Nj\u00eb Zot, dhe m\u00eb pas, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, ato degjeneruan n\u00eb besime politeiste. Ndjek\u00ebsit e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm m\u00eb pak shpirt\u00ebror\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre Profet\u00ebve, ndryshuan t\u00eb kuptuarit e tyre p\u00ebr besimin n\u00eb Zot, duke u nisur nga njohurit\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb meta. Ata e ndan\u00eb Nj\u00ebshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e Zotit n\u00eb zota t\u00eb pjes\u00ebshme, ku secili prej tyre paraqitej i mish\u00ebruar nga nj\u00eb a disa funksionet e Tij. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, politeizmi nuk p\u00ebrfundon n\u00eb monoteiz\u00ebm. P\u00ebrkundrazi, monoteizmi degjeneron n\u00eb politeiz\u00ebm. Sipas Islamit, kur ndodh kjo, Zoti d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb Profet t\u00eb ri me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat parime themelore p\u00ebr ta rivendosur Unitetin e Zotit dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb larguar besimin n\u00eb idhujtari.<\/p>\n

    A ka ndonj\u00eb prov\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb teori? Po, t\u00eb \u00e7do lloji. Nj\u00eb shembull i p\u00ebrsosur q\u00eb d\u00ebshmohet nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat historike, dhe konsensusi i sociolog\u00ebve dhe antropolog\u00ebve, \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i Abrogjin\u00ebve t\u00eb Australis\u00eb. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb fise q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb civilizimit. Ata duhet t\u00eb kishin vepruar si nj\u00eb model i p\u00ebrsosur p\u00ebr t\u00eb provuar supozimin ateist se njer\u00ebzit primitiv\u00eb, pra, jo-shkencor\u00eb, adhurojn\u00eb gj\u00ebrat e natyr\u00ebs, nga t\u00eb cilat frik\u00ebsohen. N\u00ebse ateist\u00ebt kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, nuk duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb asnj\u00eb aluzion t\u00eb monoteizmit p\u00ebr ta, vet\u00ebm politeiz\u00ebm bestyt\u00ebnor. Por antropolog\u00ebt u trondit\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

    \"abrogjin\u00ebt

    Studimi p\u00ebr abrogjin\u00ebt australian\u00eb e forcon edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb iden\u00eb e Kuranit, q\u00eb monoteizmi vjen para politeizmit.<\/p><\/div>\n

    Hazret Mirza Tahir Ahmed r.a., Kalifi i Kat\u00ebrt i Xhematit Musliman Ahmedia, i cili ishte takuar dhe biseduar personalisht me abrogjin\u00ebt, p\u00ebrshkruan gjetjet e tij<\/a>:<\/p>\n

    “N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fiset e Australis\u00eb, pa p\u00ebrjashtim, ekziston nj\u00eb besim n\u00eb nj\u00eb Fuqi Supreme, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaku i par\u00eb i gjith\u00eb krijimit. P\u00ebrshkrimet e tyre ndryshojn\u00eb n\u00eb pika t\u00eb vogla dhe terminologjia e tyre varion shum\u00eb pak, por sipas konsensusit t\u00eb sociolog\u00ebve dhe antropolog\u00ebve, ata t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, pa p\u00ebrjashtim, besojn\u00eb n\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebn e shkakut t\u00eb par\u00eb, t\u00eb quajtur \u201cZot i Lart\u00eb\u201d, nj\u00eb em\u00ebr tjet\u00ebr i Allahut, Zotit, Brahmas\u00eb, Parmatamas\u00eb, etj..<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Ideja qendrore e nj\u00eb Krijuesi Suprem t\u00eb P\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm mbetet e pandryshuar nga \u00e7far\u00ebdo bes\u00ebtytnie t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb ata mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb ushqyer. Bes\u00ebtytnit\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb nga fisi n\u00eb fis, por jo besimi i tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb Zot. Askund n\u00eb Australi sociolog\u00ebt nuk gjet\u00ebn ndonj\u00eb prov\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb evolucioni gradual t\u00eb ides\u00eb s\u00eb Zotit. Pik\u00ebpamjet q\u00eb mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb midis fiseve t\u00eb ndryshme ndryshojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim.”<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, rasti eksperimental i abrogjin\u00ebve australian\u00eb hedh posht\u00eb pozicionin ateist dhe mb\u00ebshtet pozicionin Islam. Shpresojm\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ateist\u00ebt t\u00eb heqin dor\u00eb nga ideja e tyre, tani kur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat shkencore jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje!<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb rast se ata duan konfirmim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm, rastet e prov\u00ebs retrospektive t\u00eb historis\u00eb fetare jan\u00eb thell\u00ebsisht udh\u00ebzuese. Kushdo q\u00eb ka studiuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur besimet politeiste nd\u00ebr shekuj, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm se shum\u00eb prej tyre e kan\u00eb konceptin e nj\u00eb Zoti Suprem, n\u00ebn t\u00eb cilin veprojn\u00eb per\u00ebndit\u00eb e tjera. Nj\u00eb shembull \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i Hindus\u00ebve q\u00eb besojn\u00eb n\u00eb Zotin Suprem Brahma. Ky Zot Suprem p\u00ebrshkruhet si m\u00eb posht\u00eb n\u00eb Bhagavad-Gita, K\u00ebnga e Zotit;<\/p>\n

    “Un\u00eb jam Ai prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u krijuan bot\u00ebt dhe do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen … i Lart\u00ebsuari, jam shkaku dhe mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsi i t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve … Un\u00eb jam ushqyes i saj. Un\u00eb jam i Dijshmi dhe i Pastri\u2026 Un\u00eb jam Q\u00ebllimi, Mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsi, Zoti, D\u00ebshmitari\u2026 dhe Origjina. Un\u00eb jam Jeta dhe Vdekja\u2026 i Palinduri dhe i Gjith\u00ebpushtetshmi. Burimi dhe Zoti i t\u00eb gjitha qenieve, Zoti i Zotave, Sunduesi i universit …”<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Pra, kjo p\u00ebrputhet t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht me teorin\u00eb e degjenerimit monoteist q\u00eb Hinduizmi, feja m\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr, ka numrin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb per\u00ebndive me fuqi t\u00eb pjes\u00ebshme. Sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb t’i jepet nj\u00eb kulture fetare, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb ndjek\u00ebsit e saj zgjedhin atributet hyjnore t\u00eb preferuara, i mish\u00ebrojn\u00eb n\u00eb per\u00ebndit\u00eb e pjes\u00ebshme dhe i adhurojn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me rrethanat.<\/p>\n

    N\u00eb fakt, ekziston nj\u00eb fe tjet\u00ebr e s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs jo aq e larg\u00ebt q\u00eb funksionon si nj\u00eb shembull i p\u00ebrsosur i m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si monoteizmi shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb politeiz\u00ebm. Krishterimi ka origjin\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb monoteiste, dhe pasuesit e hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb Jezusit dihej se ishin n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb hebre, duke besuar n\u00eb konceptin unitar t\u00eb Zotit. N\u00eb Dhjat\u00ebn e Vjet\u00ebr, n\u00eb Ligjin e P\u00ebrt\u00ebrir\u00eb 6:4 lexojm\u00eb:<\/p>\n

    \u201cD\u00ebgjo, Izrael, Zoti, Per\u00ebndia yn\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb i vet\u00ebm.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Dhe Profeti Jezus, paqja qoft\u00eb mbi t\u00eb, deklaroi se kjo ishte n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e para nga t\u00eb gjitha urdh\u00ebrimet, si\u00e7 thuhet te Marku 12:29:<\/p>\n

    Dhe Jezusi u p\u00ebrgjigj: \u201cUrdh\u00ebrimi i par\u00eb i t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb: “D\u00ebgjo, o Izrael: Zoti, Per\u00ebndia yn\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi Zot,”<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Ideja e Trinitetit u themelua nga Pali, i cili u refuzua nga dishepujt e Jezusit si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb e regjistruar n\u00eb Veprat. Ideja e Jezusit si biri i Zotit fitoi monedh\u00ebn vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Rom\u00eb p\u00ebrmes ndjek\u00ebsve t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb Palit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt themeluan Kish\u00ebn e hershme Katolike. Triniteti u kodifikua zyrtarisht vet\u00ebm n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin e Par\u00eb t\u00eb Nikes\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 325 t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb (rreth 300 vjet pasi Jezusi, paqja qoft\u00eb mbi t\u00eb, solli m\u00ebsimet e tij monoteiste).<\/p>\n

    Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i qart\u00eb se si monoteizmi mund t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb politeiz\u00ebm, i regjistruar mir\u00eb n\u00eb histori. Shembuj t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb besimi zoroastrian n\u00eb Nj\u00eb Zot q\u00eb thyhet n\u00eb dy nd\u00ebr shekuj \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr shembull i pakontestuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

    K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb, provat historike favorizojn\u00eb konceptin Islam t\u00eb historis\u00eb sesa konceptin ateist, p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket historis\u00eb dhe zhvillimit t\u00eb fes\u00eb. Sigurisht, koncepti q\u00eb paraqet Islami shtron nj\u00eb pyetje: nga vjen ideja e Nj\u00eb Zoti? P\u00ebrgjigjen e jep vet\u00eb Kurani i Shenjt\u00eb: p\u00ebrmes zbules\u00ebs q\u00eb u b\u00ebhet Profet\u00ebve nga Zoti i Madh\u00ebrish\u00ebm, t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar t\u00eb cil\u00ebt shfaqen n\u00eb gjirin e \u00e7do populli. Kurani i Shenjt\u00eb gjithashtu jep argumente t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebr Unitetin e Zotit, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrtej q\u00ebllimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shkrimi. Sidoqoft\u00eb, kalimi nga bota akademike n\u00eb fush\u00ebn shpirt\u00ebrore ju lejon t\u00eb b\u00ebheni njoh\u00ebs t\u00eb k\u00ebtij fakti mbi prova personale.<\/p>\n